TRAZER Lexicon

TRAZER activities are built on 4 Pillars: Dynamic Movement, Kinematics, Balance and Neuromechanics. Data generated from these pillars is invaluable in:

• Injury Recovery
• Injury Prevention
• Enhancing Performance in Physical and Cognitive Function.

Each pillar represents a different type of activity to generate metrics that build a complete picture of the User's performance capabilities including:

• Reaction Time to Visual Cues
• Acceleration & Deceleration
• Sway (Balance)
• Kinematic Joint Angles throughout Movement
• Left/Right Asymmetries
• Targets Hit
• Speed & Distance Traveled
• Progression & Degradation over time

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When the User's feet are next to one another, either in a stationary position, such as for a double-legged Squat, or when the foot of the leg in motion is next to the foot of the plant leg, such as for a Lunge.

Admins are defined by the Customer as the internal managers of the TRAZER System. All Admins and Providers are Users. The TRAZER Admins, such as Customer Success Managers, set-up the Super Admin(s), first by creating them in the system as Users, then adjusting their permissions accordingly.

These include levels as follows:

Super Admin - The individual(s) assigned by the Customer to oversee their use of The TRAZER System. Super Admins set permissions for Site Admins and Providers, and have full control of the TRAZER unit(s) and Portal access for their company.

Site Admin - The individual(s) assigned by the Super Admin to manage the TRAZER System in a specific location and/or by Unit. A single location may have multiple TRAZER units; they can be linked to share information in real time with one another, or segregated so that each is a separate system.

Provider - The individual(s) assigned by the Super Admin or Site Admin with primary responsibility for administering TRAZER Activities. The Provider has limited permissions defined by the Super Admin or Site Admin, but can create Users, run reports, and access the Portal as defined by the Admins.

Operators - COMING SOON - Operators will have the ability to login and use the TRAZER System without access to the TRAZER portal for greater on-site privacy and security.

TRAZER Assessments are TESTS used as mobility, kinematic, balance and neuromechanical screens. The first of said Tests would be considered the baseline. It can be a healthy or an injured baseline, depending on the status of the User.

A Test should always be done to the best of the User's ability in order to establish status of performance capabilities. Data will be compared from time to time and over time to track such metrics as overall performance improvement, overtraining syndrome, or status for post injury return to play/ADLs.

Where appropriate, name the # of targets. i.e.: LAS 20 (Assessment Name with space indicates number of targets. Assesment name with Dash indicates time. ie LAS-90)

Performance differential between L and R movement directions. We define those asymmetries as a percentage difference 8 - 10% (GREEN or good),10.01 - 20%, (YELLOW) or caution - could be start of an issue, or status of progression back to the GREEN Zone, and greater than 20%, (RED) - high risk of injury or injured.

Balance is the ability of an individual to maintain their center of mass within their base of support with sensory input from visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive system to control their body movements while remaining upright.

Critical to performing activities of daily living such as walking, standing, reaching, and transitioning between positions, Balance is also critical to:

• Fall Prevention
• Sports Performance
• Functional Independence
• Rehabilitation
• Postural Control
• Neurological Rehabilitation

TRAZER Balance Tests and Drills are calibrated for 3 different performance levels. Each of the levels has 3 different activities bi-lateral (legs adjacent and on the floor), unilateral (legs adjacent with one leg raised) and tandem (two feet heel to toe - distanced for difficulty level.

These are designed to measure Sway, or the gentle, natural movement or oscillation of the body required for stability and postural control.

When feet are on the floor and adjacent to one another.

TRAZER is a neuromechanical technology, meaning it works the Brain + Body simultaneously.

If one has suffered either a brain or an orthopedic injury, one is at greater risk of re-injury because the neural connections between brain and body have been disrupted. TRAZER activities replicate the challenges an individual encounter on the playing field, or in their Activities of Daily Living in order to re-establish those connections and positively impact both their physical and cognitive performance.

The 3 seconds it takes for the camera to integrates a User into the virtual TRAZER environment. Upon "calibration" the User can direct the movement of their Avatar.

Center of the field and/or point indicated by on screen instructions. Where the User must stand at the beginning of each activity for the camera to lock onto them.

TRAZER Activities are divided into Categories: Assessments, Rehabilitation, Drills, Workouts, and Games.

Refers to depth of stance, measured by tracking the base of the spine.

See also: Incongruent Cue

As it relates to TRAZER, "congruent cues" are prompts that are consistent with a specific task. These are used to provide information that aligns with the intended action or goal, making it easier for Users to process and respond appropriately.

FOR EXAMPLE: In activities, such as Stroop, where the User is prompted to move in the direction that corresponds with a word that is also in the color: Blue

An Incongruent Cue would be the word Blue (in green), but the User must move to the prompt where the word "Blue" is displayed regardless of the color.

A dash "-" is used in TRAZER to indicate an activity relative to a metric of time, such as in the LAS-90 which indicates this is a Lateral Agility Screen for 90 seconds. The absence of a dash, or just a space, such as in DAS 20, indicates an activity is associated to a number of repetitions.

TRAZER DRILLS work specific movement patterns that replicate movements in sport or life.

They can be customized for Time, Sets/Reps, Distance, Depth of Stance, and more.

User Settings will remain until they are changed.

See also: Single Task RT and Dual Task RT

One of the Key Differentiators, Dynamic Reaction Time™ or DRT is exclusive to TRAZER and is the measurement of how long it takes a User to respond to random stimuli both in the correct and incorrect direction.

"Executive Control" and "Executive Function" are essentially the same thing. See Executive Function, BELOW. Rather, we should define "Cognitive Control". Cognitive Control processes overlap multiple brain networks, integrating vision, vestibular, auditory and proprioceptive information with executive function. Our hunter-gatherer ancestors had to strategize and move in order to find food, or avoid being food. Thus, our “thinking brain” developed over the last half million years from our “moving brain” as more and more complex, cognitive problem-solving was required to survive.

 Brain and body links are damaged by concussion or musculoskeletal injury. TRAZER Activities integrate sensory, cognitive and motor processes and deliver measurement data that illustrates how well the brain and body are communicating – regardless of whether the injury is neural or orthopedic. "Efficient integration of visual, vestibular, proprioceptive, and auditory inputs with cognitive and motor processes depends on the integrity of functional connections among different brain networks.

Disrupted functional connectivity slows processing of neural signals, which may result from either mild traumatic brain injury or loss of proprioceptive afferent following musculoskeletal injury. . . .Because neural processes involved in perceptual decision making for the formation of motor goals consume the major portion of the time required to respond to a stimulus, RT and other time-based performance metrics offer indirect indicators of neural processing efficiency that can be acquired in a clinical setting." Gary Wilkerson, Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, "Upper-Extremity Perceptual Motor-Training Improves Whole Body Reactive Agility Among Elite Athletes with History of Sport-Related Concussion."

When treating/testing concussion or other brain issues, consider that the right side of the brain is responsible for processing visual information from both the left and right sides. In the absence of a head injury, it’s normal for performance to the left side to be slightly better; if there’s a disruption of connectivity in the brain + body network, the left visual field is neglected, resulting in better performance to the right side.

The three areas of executive function are working memory, cognitive flexibility, or flexible thinking, and inhibitory / self-control. Executive function is "the management system of the brain." Those with ADHD often have poor executive function.

Trouble with executive function can make it hard to focus, follow directions, and handle emotions, among other things. You can think of executive function as “the management system of the brain.” It includes skills like self-control, organization, and flexible thinking.

The ability to perform Executive Functions / Activities of Daily Living is optimized by the successful sequencing of commands via the brain’s various control centers. In comparing performance metrics of a single activity, look for inconsistency. If sequencing is repressed, the brain + body will be unable to communicate efficiently. Reaction Time Inconsistency (RTI) over a short period of time has been shown to be indicative of a neural processing deficit.

(also see: Movement Directions and Grid)

For consistency, TRAZER always refers to Left and Right, for abbreviation or when there is no room to spell out the words, as "L" and "R" to indicate which side.

"Form" refers to the physical approach of the User: how they stand, move, etc.

Form is Form. One can correct form, or speak regarding a User's form with respect to proper alignment, but one should not have to insert "proper" in order to differentiate.

One of the many things that TRAZER does, is that it illustrates via metrics the most efficient form for a User.

One size does not fit all. One user may have a more upright back than another to achieve their most symmetrical, quickest movement.

TRAZER's Global Performance Assessment is a 5-minute, dual task assessment that comes in 3 levels of difficulty.

The GPA challenges the User to respond to random cues in multiple directions simultaneous with watching two speed meters - one at the top of the screen that tells him how fast to go and how fast he is actually moving, and one at the bottom of the screen that gives him in-color feedback.

Blue is too slow, Green is within 1' per second of the desired speed, and Red is too fast. Each of the 3 levels begins with a demanded speed of 1' per second.

As indicated by the name of the Test, the demand for speed goes up every 120, 60 or 30 seconds, so that by the 5th minute of the GPA 120, the User is trying to move at 3'/ second; for the GPA 60 at 5'/second, and for the GPA 30, 10'/second.

See also: Field Locations

A graphical representation of the 4 quadrants of the playing field on-screen. May be turned off or on.

This is a direction in TRAZER that means to "satisfy" the requirement, such as "hitting the target" or "hit the the bumper."

See also: Congruent Cue 

As it relates to TRAZER, "incongruent cues" are prompts that are inconsistent, incompatible, or contrary with a specific task. These are used to create scenarios that force Users to quickly overcome conflicting information to process and respond accordingly.

FOR EXAMPLE: In activities, such as Stroop, where the User is prompted to move in the direction that corresponds with a word, but the word is in a different color: Blue (in green) but the User must move to the prompt where the word "Blue" is displayed regardless of the color.

A Congruent Cue would be the word Blue (in blue).

See also: Rehabilitation

Injury-specific protocols refer to the specific injuries addressed in the Rehabilitation section of TRAZER. These are pre-determined activities to address specific injuries with graduated levels, from immediately weight-bearing post injury/surgery to return to play/life, as the User advances.

6 Phases of Rehab for each of the following: Ankle | Knee| Hip | Balance | Vestibular | Concussion

Kinematics is the study of the motion of mechanical points, bodies and systems without consideration of their associated physical properties and the forces acting on them. The study is often referred to as the geometry of motion, and it models these motions mathematically using algebra.


Applying these principles, TRAZER tracks up to 30 points on the body to capture the bio-mechanics (joint angles of different points on the body). Providers use established ranges of motion to evaluate the User's joint angles to help correct form and prevent injury and/or improve movement performance, or to gauge recovery from an injury.

Lateral Agility Screen - is offered in 2 formats: the LAS 20 (20 being repetitions) and the LAS-90 (90 Being seconds). Measures a user's movement in the lateral (left and right) path to randomized targets.

"Screen" indicates Assessment(s)

Center of the field and/or point indicated by on screen instructions. Where the User must stand at the beginning of each activity for the camera to lock onto them.

Low amplitude movements are those done slowly and with structure, in contrast to dynamic movements. A jump/squat can be done with alacrity - in a bursting manner - or it can be done with measured slowness and attention to form. Typically, a lunge, a hip shift, or toe raise would be examples of low amplitude movements.

As it relates to TRAZER, "congruent cues" are prompts that are consistent with a specific task. These are used to provide information that aligns with the intended action or goal, making it easier for Users to process and respond appropriately.

FOR EXAMPLE: In activities, such as Stroop, where the User is prompted to move in the direction that correspondends with a word that is also in the color: Blue
An Incongruent Cue would be the word Blue (in green), but the User must move to the prompt where the word "Blue" is displayed regardless of the color.

mTBI - Mild traumatic brain injury.

Directions of movement in TRAZER are: LINEAR, LATERAL, and DIAGONAL

See also: Transit

Indicates all degrees of transition to a target. Used in TRAZER Instructions to indicate where the User is moving. Other descriptors may include explode, dash, run, glide, etc. to a target.

Neuromechanics is the study of the interaction of the nervous system with the mechanical activity of the body.

The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord, and complex system of nerves that relay messages throughout the body.

In short, neuromechanics examines how the brain + body interact through movement.

Neuromechanical Screening Test: Designed for TRAZER by industry renowned and thought-leading coaches ATs from U of TN at Chattanooga, Clemson, U of GA, LSU, U of AZ and Purdue. Consists of single task lateral test followed by dual task lateral test and single task rear diagonal test followed by dual task rear diagonal test.

Data from this test may be used to track progression or regression for a musculoskeletal issue, or a neuro related issue, or both. It allows for the assessment of both musculoskeletal and neuro areas and then for the development of the most clear and concise care path based on the 3rd party validated objective outcome measures the NST provides.

These are the basic reports that are available immediately post-activity, displayed on screen with the ability to compare reports and view history.

More in-depth analysis and comparison is available via the TRAZER Portal.

Plyometrics is a type of exercise training that uses speed and force of different movements to build muscle power.

Plyometrics training can improve your physical performance and ability to do different activities.

Person administering the Activity to the User (Patient, Athlete, Senior, etc) These are also Users with Admin permission - lowest access Admin role

Provider - The individual(s) assiged by the Super Admin or Site Admin with primary responsibility for administering TRAZER Activities. The Provider has limited permissions defined by the Super Admin or Site Admin, but can create Users, run reports, and access the Portal as defined by the Admins.

TRAZER Assessments are TESTS used as mobility, kinematic, balance and neuromechanical screens. The first of said Tests would be considered the baseline. It can be a healthy or an injured baseline, depending on the status of the User.

A Test should always be done to the best of the User's ability in order to establish status of performance capabilities. Data will be compared from time to time and over time to track such metrics as overall performance improvement, overtraining syndrome, or status for post injury return to play/ADLs.

The sagittal plane is an anatomical vertical plane that divides the body from front to back into right and left sections.

Balance is the ability of an individual to maintain their center of mass within their base of support with sensory input from visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive system to control their body movements while remaining upright.

Critical to performing activities of daily living such as walking, standing, reaching, and transitioning between positions, Balance is also critical to:

• Fall Prevention
• Sports Performance
• Functional Independence
• Rehabilitation
• Postural Control
• Neurological Rehabilitation

TRAZER Balance Tests and Drills are calibrated for 3 different performance levels. Each of the levels has 3 different activities bi-lateral (legs adjacent and on the floor), unilateral (legs adjacent with one leg raised) and tandem (two feet heel to toe - distanced for difficulty level.

These are designed to measure Sway, or the gentle, natural movement or oscillation of the body required for stability and postural control.

Sagittal Agility Screen 20 Repetitions

Sagittal (Forward and back in a straight line) Agility Screen - looks at ability to react to random Front & Back targets - 10 each. 20 represents total # of repetitions.

TRAZER is a neuromechanical technology, meaning it works the Brain + Body simultaneously.

If one has suffered either a brain or an orthopedic injury, one is at greater risk of re-injury because the neural connections between brain and body have been disrupted.

TRAZER activities replicate the challenges an individual encounter on the playing field, or in their Activities of Daily Living in order to re-establish those connections and positively impact both their physical and cognitive performance.

In TRAZER the User or Provider may select the scene where the activity takes place. Options include: Baseball Diamond, Hockey Rink, Football Field, Gymnasium, Golf Course, Beach, and Tennis Court.

“Scripts” are any pre-planned workout/session consisting of more than (1) TRAZER activity, built and customized from existing Drills.

These are also called "multi-step" Activities.

These scripted activities may be an Assessment, such as BASELINE or NST, a training regimen, for Balance, Speed, etc, or prescribed for rehabilitation. Before a Scripted Activity begins, the list of customized activities appears, with a brief description of each one. There is a check-box next to each individual activity that can "turn off" that activity, so that if a Script is assigned to a User, and any activity in the Script is inappropriate, it can be "turned off" and the User can do the rest of the activity.

For example: A Senior Level 1 Scripted Activity might consist of the LAS-90, Track Attack, Double-Leg Squat and a Balance Assessment. The User or his/her Provider might turn off the double-leg squat before the activity begins.

Settings are adjustments that can be made to activities as follows:

Time / Volume - If Volume, REPS & SETS and Rest Period between SETS.

Movement Direction - Specific to each Activity. Includes L/R/F/B/Up/Dn/Diagonal

Movement Distance - may be set for each Direction.

Center of Gravity - Forces User to maintain specified depth of stance.

Sequence - specifies Random, Sequential or Group Movement. Group is only activiated if Volume is selected. Random is required for accurate RT data.

Pause - may be set for 1 - 5 seconds between cues; min 1 sec pause required for accurate RT data.

Prompt Disappear - only available in Neuromechanics Application. IF ON, default is 500 MS. May be turned OFF and prompt will remain on-screen. Settings range from 1500 MS to 50 MS.

Some Drills include SIT or STAND settings.

TRAZER tests and trains Dynamic Reaction Time to a single task (ST) and to a dual task (DT). Single task activities present random targets in multiple directions, so that the User needs to process which direction to move in.

Reported ST reaction time is defined as the average amount of time that elapses between the appearance of the randomized visual target on the screen and 20 cm of the subject’s body core displacement in the correct movement direction.

Activities requiring a single "step" or simple target in any direction for a pre-determined amount of time or until a specific goal is met, such as targets hit. Examples of same would be hip shift, hip twist, lunge, step to target.

This refers to the physical location where a TRAZER Unit or Units are located.

The Site Admin has access and control over the Site (Unit). For example, Select Medical has a Master Administrator who has oversight to all their locations and can see all data. Each location will have its own administrator with oversight to all Users at that location. The locations may opt to assign administrators to specific patients, but not all patients at that location.

Site Admin - The individual(s) assigned by the Super Admin to manage the TRAZER System in a specific location and/or by Unit. A single location may have multiple TRAZER units, however, each is a separate system.

Multi-colored flasher; currently at Center, Front Center, Mid-Right, Back Left, or Back Right - there may be other customized start points.

Person that manages the TRAZER license and access to the Portal on behalf of the Customer. (Highest level of access. Other Admin types exist for lower-levels of access/permissions.)

Admins are defined by the Customer as the internal managers of the TRAZER System. All Admins and Providers are Users. The TRAZER Admins, such as Customer Success Managers, set-up the Super Admin(s), first by creating them in the system as Users, the adjusting their persmissions accordingly. These include levels as follows:

Super Admin - The individual(s) assigned by the Customer to oversee their use of The TRAZER System. Super Admins set permissions for Site Admins and Providers, and have full control of the TRAZER unit(s) and Portal access for their company.

aka Heel-to-Toe

Tandem Stance is found in all TRAZER Balance tests and drills and varies slightly for each level of difficulty. At each level, the heel of one foot is juxtaposed to the toe of the other.

At Level 1, feet are shoulders' width apart. At Level 2, feet are adjacent and close together.

At Level 3, BESS Test, heel and toe are in direct alignment.

For BESS Test, User must stand in an open stance, at an approximate 15 degree angle to TRAZER so that the sensors can see both legs. If right foot is in front, User faces right corner; if Left in front, Left corner.

See also: Targets

The types of targets that appear in TRAZER include: BUMPER, BALL, DIAMOND, RING, and DONUT

See also: Target Types

"Targets" refers to points on the TRAZER field of play (activity grid) where markers appear to indicate the point a User should move to or stop at. 

See also: Movement | Move 

The instant a User is traveling between two targets, they are in "transit".

TRAZER+, or T+, is the legacy system defined by the size of the unit, camera, and its unit-based software.

TRAZER Admins have access to all customer and company data in the portal. These are limited to select Team members in compliance with TRAZER Security, Privacy, and HIPAA-compliance protocols.

The Customer's Site Representative that monitors and promotes adoptions and use within a location.

They train Providers who are not embracing the technology and help facilitate training within their locations.

The TRAZER Department responsible for managing Onboarding, Training, Technical Support, Renewal and Expansion - they are the Team that ensures our Customers have everything they need.

Each Customer has a dedicated Customer Success Representative (CSR) and the department is led by VP of Customer Success, Kimberly Sanderson - available at Kimberly@trazer.com.

The online HIPAA-compliant TRAZER platform where all User data is stored and through which everything is managed by Admins. Up to 6 of the same activity done by a single User can be compared over time to illustrate improvement or regression.

Reports are printed or downloaded to pdf, Users are created, etc. Admins can use data to do both intra-individual comparisons and inter-individual comparisons.

For example, intra-individual would be looking at Joe Brown's LAS 20 data over the course of the football season. Inter-individual comparison would be looking at the team's Running Backs' performance over a single test.

The TRAZER System refers to the comprehensive system comprised of hardware, software, and the portal.

See: How TRAZER Works

See: TRAZER In Action

The TRAZER box (hardware) includes high-powered depth-sensing camera, and on-board computer running the TRAZER software and proprietary algorithms to process millions of data points in real time.

TRAZER XP tracks 32 key points on the body at 30 frames per second (fps).

TRAZER+ tracks 25 points on the body at 15 frames per second (fps).

Where TRAZER Champions and Providers go to learn the nuances of using TRAZER, Troubleshooting, Use Cases, and Basic & Advanced Training and Onboarding.

Visit: TRAZER University

TRAZER XP is the cloud-based platform defined by the smallest TRAZER designed, upgraded camera, and updated functionality from the legacy system, T+.

Every profile created including Super Admins, Site Admins, Providers, Operators and the end-user, that is - the individual performing the activity are all TRAZER "users."

However, when we refer to a "User," we are referring specifically to the end-User.

End-Users may be Athletes, Clients, Members, Patients, Players, Residents, Seniors, etc.

The User Profile contains the identifying information relevant to the User including: First and Last Name, Birthdate, Gender, handedness, height and weight, sports played, and details on their injury(ies).

The Site Admin has access and control over the Site (Unit). For example, Select Medical has a Master Administrator who has oversight to all their locations and can see all data. Each location will have its own administrator with oversight to all Users at that location. The locations may opt to assign administrators to specific patients, but not all patients at that location.

Site Admin - The individual(s) assigned by the Super Admin to manage the TRAZER System in a specific location and/or by Unit.

A single location may have multiple TRAZER units, however, each is a separate system.

This is the “file” or record of each session. Each time a User is logged in a record of the new session is captured.

Person that manages the TRAZER license and access to the Portal on behalf of the Customer. (Highest level of access. Other Admin types exist for lower-levels of access/permissions.)

Admins are defined by the Customer as the internal managers of the TRAZER System. All Admins and Providers are Users. The TRAZER Admins, such as Customer Success Managers, set-up the Super Admin(s), first by creating them in the system as Users, the adjusting their permissions accordingly. These include levels as follows:

Super Admin - The individual(s) assigned by the Customer to oversee their use of The TRAZER System. Super Admins set permissions for Site Admins and Providers, and have full control of the TRAZER unit(s) and Portal access for their company.

aka Heel-to-Toe

Tandem Stance is found in all TRAZER Balance tests and drills and varies slightly for each level of difficulty. At each level, the heel of one foot is juxtaposed to the toe of the other.

At Level 1, feet are shoulders' width apart. At Level 2, feet are adjacent and close together.

At Level 3, BESS Test, heel and toe are in direct alignment.

For BESS Test, User must stand in an open stance, at an approximate 15 degree angle to TRAZER so that the sensors can see both legs. If right foot is in front, User faces right corner; if Left in front, Left corner.

The ability to visually recognize cues that are not directly in the Users' forward field of vision.

(Catch things from the side).

Workouts are scripted activities designed to enhance performance capabilites in specific areas.